Enhancing post-surgical pain relief: comparing lidocaine, bupivacaine, and their combination for Laparotomy by MGS (Mouse Grimace Scale)

Abstract

Pain management after surgery is crucial for improving the condition of patients in veterinary and human medicine. Analgesics are commonly administered via subcutaneous infiltration injection before the start of surgery. This study investigates post-anesthesia recovery and pain levels following subcutaneous injections of lidocaine and bupivacaine drugs, as well as their combination, after abdominal surgery. The study utilized lidocaine doses of 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg-1, bupivacaine doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg-1, and a combination of 0.1 mg/kg-1 lidocaine and 1 mg/kg-1 bupivacaine. The study data was evaluated using the Rodent Face Finder software, a novel method for assessing pain during animal model recovery based on clinical changes. These changes include ratings in eye-opening (orbital changes), various ear angles (ear changes), whisker stance (whisker changes), and cheek angle (cheek changes). Videos were captured at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours post-surgery, and analyzed using software and statistical evaluation. The results obtained 2 hours after surgery in the combined drug group (mixed drugs) showed a significant difference compared to all other groups (p < 0.05), while the remaining groups did not exhibit significant differences (p > 0.05), indicating indifference due to their effects. Pain levels before and after anesthesia can be justified. At 4–8 hours, the lidocaine and bupivacaine groups did not show significant differentiation from each other (p > 0.05), but the treatment groups differed significantly (p < 0.05). At 12 hours, the lidocaine groups and the 0.09% saline group showed significant differences (p < 0.05), while the remaining groups did not exhibit differences (p > 0.05). At 24 hours post-surgery, only the control group showed a significant difference from the other groups (p < 0.05). The study demonstrated that the specified doses of combined anesthetic drugs provided adequate analgesia in the initial hours after surgery, leading to proper recovery compared to other treatment groups. Additionally, varying rates of postoperative analgesia at 4–8 hours after surgery did not significantly impact the analgesia process. Anesthetic drugs can significantly affect the initial recovery process.

Disclaimer: This article was originally published by WisdomGale Publishing, 14 Rue de Grand-Bigard, 1082 Brussels, Belgium, and was migrated to International Medical Publishing Group(IMPG), India, after the change of Publisher.