Outcome of Women Presenting with Ectopic Pregnancy & It’s Management - A Case Series

Abstract

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by implantation of the fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity, most commonly in the fallopian tube. Its incidence has increased due to rising risk factors such as pelvic inflammatory disease, assisted reproductive techniques, and prior tubal surgeries. It contributes significantly to maternal morbidity and first-trimester mortality, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms that delay diagnosis and management.

Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management strategies, intraoperative findings, maternal complications, and outcomes of ectopic pregnancy cases.

Material & Methods: This retrospective case series was conducted at a tertiary care center from January 2025 to June 2025. A total of 12 cases diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy were included. Clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, type of conception, site of ectopic implantation, management strategies, intraoperative findings, and maternal outcomes were analyzed. Ultrasonography and serum beta-hCG levels were used for diagnosis, and treatment decisions were based on clinical condition.

Results: Most patients belonged to the 20–30-year age group. Spontaneous conception accounted for 10 cases, while 2 followed induced conception. The majority (11/12) were ruptured ectopic pregnancies, with significant hemoperitoneum in 6 cases requiring blood transfusion. Tubal ectopic pregnancy was the most common (10 cases), followed by one cervical and one cornual ectopic pregnancy. Surgical intervention was the mainstay of treatment, with salpingectomy performed in most cases. One case required hysterectomy due to severe bleeding, and there was one maternal mortality due to delayed referral and hypovolemic shock.

Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy remains a critical obstetric emergency with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis using clinical suspicion, ultrasonography, and beta-hCG estimation is essential. Prompt surgical intervention in unstable patients is lifesaving. Multidisciplinary management and early referral play a crucial role in improving maternal outcomes.