Study on Post Dated Pregnancy: Its Maternal and Foetal Outcome

Abstract

Introduction: Post-dated pregnancy, defined as a pregnancy extending beyond 40 weeks of gestation, is associated with increased maternal and fetal risks. The incidence ranges from 4% to 14%. Complications include meconium-stained liquor, oligohydramnios, fetal distress, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, and increased rates of operative deliveries. This study aims to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes in post-dated pregnancies to guide better clinical management and reduce morbidity.

Materials & Methods: This descriptive longitudinal study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tezpur Medical College, Assam, from 2023 to July 2024. A total of 106 pregnant women with gestational age between 40–42 weeks were included based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using clinical examination, ultrasonography, biophysical profiling, and monitoring tools. Mode of delivery, perinatal morbidity, and maternal complications were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23 with chi-square tests; p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Among the 106 patients, the majority were aged 20–25 years. Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred in a significant proportion, while cesarean section was required in many cases due to fetal distress and failed induction. Maternal complications included perineal tears, postpartum hemorrhage, and prolonged labor. Fetal complications observed were low Apgar scores, meconium aspiration syndrome, NICU admission, and the need for neonatal resuscitation. A statistically significant correlation was found between gestational age and increased perinatal complications.

Conclusion: Post-dated pregnancy poses significant maternal and fetal risks. Early identification and timely induction, coupled with vigilant intrapartum monitoring, can improve outcomes. Regular antenatal care and accurate dating using first-trimester ultrasound are essential in minimizing complications associated with post-dated pregnancies.