A Study of Clinical Profile of Hypertension in Elderly Age Group in Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

 Introduction: Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with prevalence exceeding 60% in those above 60 years. Age-related vascular changes, sedentary lifestyle, and reduced renal function contribute to isolated systolic hypertension, making it a key public health concern.

Aim and Objective: To study clinical profile, associated factors, and presentations of hypertension in elderly patients.

Materials & Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, a tertiary care hospital, from June 2023 to May 2025. A total of 180 hypertensive patients aged >60 years were enrolled. Data on demographics, comorbidities, lifestyle, and clinical/laboratory parameters (CBC, RFT, LFT, lipid profile, ECG, fundus exam, urine microscopy, and USG) were collected. Analysis was performed using SPSS with appropriate statistical tests; p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Among 180 elderly hypertensive patients, most were 60–70 years, females, and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol use were common, along with comorbidities like diabetes and ischemic heart disease. Laboratory and imaging findings revealed dyslipidemia, renal impairment, ECG abnormalities, and fundus changes, indicating early end-organ damage.

Conclusion: Elderly hypertension is strongly associated with modifiable risk factors and multiple comorbidities. Early screening, lifestyle interventions, and comprehensive geriatric care are essential for preventing complications in this vulnerable group.